The Nutanix Biblea. This gives workloads the ability to seamlessly move between hypervisors, cloud providers, and platforms. The figure highlights an image illustrating the conceptual nature of Acropolis at various layers: Figure 1.
High- level Acropolis Architecture. Note. Supported Hypervisors for VM Management. Audi A6 2.5 Tdi Engine Manual.
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As of 4. 7, AHV and ESXi are the supported hypervisors for VM management, however this may expand in the future. The solution is a bundled hardware + software appliance which houses 2 (6. U footprint. Each node runs an industry- standard hypervisor (ESXi, KVM, Hyper- V currently) and the Nutanix Controller VM (CVM).
Converged Platform. Distributed System. There are three very core structs for distributed systems.
Must have no single points of failure (SPOF). Must not have any bottlenecks at any scale (must be linearly scalable). Must leverage concurrency (Map. Reduce). Together, a group of Nutanix nodes forms a distributed system (Nutanix cluster) responsible for providing the Prism and Acropolis capabilities. Nutanix Cluster - Distributed System.
These techniques are also applied to metadata and data alike. Work Distribution - Cluster Scale. Key point: As the number of nodes in a cluster increases (cluster scaling), certain activities actually become more efficient as each node is handling only a fraction of the work. A key benefit to being software- defined and not relying upon any hardware offloads or constructs is around extensibility. By not relying on any custom ASIC/FPGA or hardware capabilities, Nutanix can develop and deploy these new features through a simple software update.
For example, say you’re running a workload running an older version of Nutanix software on a prior generation hardware platform (e. This is contrary to most legacy infrastructures, where a hardware upgrade or software purchase is normally required to get the “latest and greatest” features.
Since all features are deployed in software, they can run on any hardware platform, any hypervisor, and be deployed through simple software upgrades. The following figure shows a logical representation of what this software- defined controller framework looks like: Figure 1. Software- Defined Controller Framework.
Cluster Components. For a visual explanation you can watch the following video: LINK. The user- facing Nutanix product is extremely simple to deploy and use. Nutanix Cluster Components.
Cassandra. Key Role: Distributed metadata store. Description: Cassandra stores and manages all of the cluster metadata in a distributed ring- like manner based upon a heavily modified Apache Cassandra. Acropolis Services. Dynamic Scheduler. Efficient scheduling of resources is critical to ensure resources are effectively consumed.
Acropolis Dynamic Scheduler. The dynamic scheduler runs consistently throughout the day to optimize placement (currently every 1. The CC was developed by the governments of Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands, the UK, and the U. S. This new innovation checks all components of the documented security baselines (STIGs) , and if found to be non- compliant, sets it back to the supported security settings without customer intervention.
The list below gives all commands and functions. Get CVM security settings. This command outputs the current cluster configuration. The default output will display.
Enable Aide : false. Enable Core : false. Enable High Strength P.. The list below gives all commands and functions. Get hypervisor security settings.
This command outputs the current cluster configuration. The default output will display. Enable Aide : false. Enable Core : false.
Enable High Strength P.. Cluster Lockdown Menu. This will show the current configuration and allow you to add/remove SSH keys for access. Figure. Cluster Lockdown Page. To add a new key click on the 'New Public Key' button and enter the public key details.
Figure. Cluster Lockdown - Add Key. Note. Working with SSH keys. To generate a SSH key, run the following command. This will generate the key pair which creates to files.
Data Encryption - Overview. SED encryption works by splitting the storage device into . NOTE: All of the capacities used are in Base. Gibibyte (Gi. B) instead of the Base.
Gigabyte (GB). SSD Drive Breakdown. NOTE: The sizing for Op. Log is done dynamically as of release 4. For example, if we apply this to an example 3. GB SSDs, this would give us 1. Gi. B of Op. Log, 4. Gi. B of Unified Cache, and ~4.
Gi. B of Extent Store SSD capacity per node. HDD Devices. Since HDD devices are primarily used for bulk storage, their breakdown is much simpler: Curator Reservation (Curator storage)Extent Store (persistent storage)Figure 1. HDD Drive Breakdown. For example, if we apply this to an example 3. TB HDDs, this would give us 8.
Gi. B reserved for Curator and ~3. Ti. B of Extent Store HDD capacity per node. NOTE: the above values are accurate as of 4. Distributed Storage Fabric. The Distributed Storage Fabric (DSF) appears to the hypervisor like any centralized storage array, however all of the I/Os are handled locally to provide the highest performance. As of 4. 6, the vdisk size is stored as a 6. Any limits below this value would be due to limitations on the client side, such as the maximum vmdk size on ESXi.
The following figure shows how these map between DSF and the hypervisor: Figure 1. High- level Filesystem Breakdown. Extent. Key Role: Logically contiguous data.
Description: An extent is a 1. MB piece of logically contiguous data which consists of n number of contiguous blocks (varies depending on guest OS block size). Low- level Filesystem Breakdown.
Here is another graphical representation of how these units are related: Figure 1. Graphical Filesystem Breakdown. I/O Path and Cache.
For a visual explanation, you can watch the following video: LINKThe Nutanix I/O path is composed of the following high- level components: Figure 1. DSF I/O Path. In all- flash node configurations the Extent Store will only consist of SSD devices and no tier ILM will occur as only a single flash tier exists. For sequential workloads, the Op.
Log is bypassed and the writes go directly to the extent store. DSF Unified Cache. Note. Cache Granularity and Logic. Data is brought into the cache at a 4. K granularity and all caching is done real- time (e. VM(s) running on the same node).
In order to ensure metadata availability and redundancy a replication factor (RF) is utilized among an odd amount of nodes (e. Upon a metadata write or update, the row is written to a node in the ring that owns that key and then replicated to n number of peers (where n is dependent on cluster size). Cassandra Ring Structure. Performance at scale is also another important struct for DSF metadata. When the cluster scales (e.
The following figure shows an example of the metadata “ring” and how it scales: Figure 1. Cassandra Scale Out. Data Protection. For a visual explanation, you can watch the following video: LINKThe Nutanix platform currently uses a resiliency factor, also known as a replication factor (RF), and checksum to ensure data redundancy and availability in the case of a node or disk failure or corruption. NOTE: For RF3, a minimum of 5 nodes is required since metadata will be RF5. All nodes participate in Op. Log replication to eliminate any “hot nodes”, ensuring linear performance at scale. Data is then asynchronously drained to the extent store where the RF is implicitly maintained.
DSF Data Protection. Availability Domains. For a visual explanation, you can watch the following video: LINKAvailability Domains (aka node/block/rack awareness) is a key struct for distributed systems to abide by for determining component and data placement. NOTE: A minimum of 3 blocks must be utilized for block awareness to be activated, otherwise node awareness will be defaulted to.
It is recommended to utilize uniformly populated blocks to ensure block awareness is enabled. For example, a 3.
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